What Is Morbid Obesity (Class III Obesity)?

When a person has a significant amount of excess weight, it can sometimes be referred to as morbid obesity. This complex chronic condition has a notable impact on overall health.

While the term “morbid obesity” has been used for many years, healthcare professionals now increasingly use the updated term “class III obesity.” This shift reflects a commitment to more respectful, person-first language.

From "Morbid" to "Class III" Obesity

The medical community is moving away from the word “morbid” because it can feel judgmental. Clinically, “morbidity” refers to illness, but the word’s everyday meaning carries stigma. “Class III obesity” or “severe obesity” are now preferred terms.

A provider may diagnose class III obesity based on several measures. This includes having a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or a BMI of 35 or higher along with at least one serious health condition related to obesity. Some diagnoses may also be based on weight being significantly above the medically recommended range for a person’s height.

Keep in mind that BMI is not a precise measure of body fat. It is a general calculation based on height and weight, and it does not distinguish between muscle and fat. Providers may use additional tools, such as waist circumference or other assessments, to better understand your health.

What Causes Class III Obesity?

Class III obesity is a complex disease. It is rarely caused by one single factor and is not a matter of willpower. Many elements can influence weight, including:

• Genetics
• Hormonal imbalances
• Certain medications
• Environmental factors
• Cultural factors
• Financial or geographical factors
• Chronic stress
• Lack of quality sleep

Understanding the Health Risks of Class III Obesity

Class III obesity can contribute to or worsen numerous health conditions. Excess weight can create structural and physiological changes that affect many body systems.

Common related health conditions include:

• Type 2 diabetes
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Stroke
• Certain types of cancer
• Fatty liver disease
• Kidney disease
• Osteoarthritis
• Heartburn
• Fertility issues
• Pregnancy complications
• Depression and anxiety

How Do Providers Treat Class III Obesity?

There is no single “quick fix” for class III obesity. Treatment is personalized and depends on your health needs and goals. Even a modest amount of weight loss can meaningfully reduce health risks.

Lifestyle and Behavioral Changes

These form the foundation of treatment and may include healthier eating patterns, increased physical activity, behavior therapy, stress management, and improved sleep.

Medications

For some individuals, lifestyle changes alone are not enough. A provider may prescribe FDA-approved medications that help regulate appetite or support other metabolic processes.

Weight-Loss Procedures

If other approaches are not effective, a provider may discuss procedural options. These may include endoscopic techniques or bariatric surgeries.

Your Path to a Healthier Weight

Class III obesity is a treatable condition, and support is available. If you have questions or concerns about your weight or related health risks, talking with your primary care provider is an excellent first step. You can use our provider directory to find one.

For more information, please call the Baptist Health Bariatric & Weight Loss team at 1.833.362.0018. If you do not have a provider, visit our online provider directory to find a Baptist Health Bariatric and Weight Loss provider near you. To prepare for your next appointment, take a Health Risk Assessment and download a patient packet to complete before your visit.