Do Genetics Play a Role in Obesity?
Many people have observed that weight issues seem to run in families. That tendency can feel like a hurdle if you’re seeking to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. You may eat well and exercise regularly, yet still struggle to hit your goals.
At the same time, others seem to manage their weight with little effort. This can understandably raise questions about the influence of behavior versus biology. The reality is that both factors play a role.
How Strong Is the Link Between Genetics and Obesity?
Genetics can contribute to the development of obesity, but obesity is a complex condition that develops from multiple influences, including biological, genetic, environmental and socioeconomic factors.
In rare cases, obesity is “monogenic,” meaning it stems from a mutation in a single gene. More commonly, it is “polygenic,” involving many genes that each contribute to a person’s susceptibility to weight gain. Some gene variations, such as changes in the FTO gene, may increase the likelihood of developing obesity.
What Do Genes Actually Control?
Genes do not predetermine a person’s weight, but they can create a predisposition by influencing functions such as:
- Appetite
- Feeling full
- Metabolism
- Food cravings
- Fat storage
- Fat distribution
These factors may affect how hungry you feel, how quickly you feel full, or how your body uses energy.
Environment: The Other Half of the Obesity Story
Your daily habits and surroundings influence whether a genetic predisposition ever becomes active. Environmental factors include:
- Processed foods
- Sugary drinks
- Large portion sizes
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Poor sleep
- High stress
- Cultural factors
- Socioeconomics
Calories consumed versus calories burned affects weight, but environment and genetics help explain why that imbalance might occur.
What This Means for You
A strong family history of obesity can feel discouraging, but genetics do not determine your weight. Understanding how factors such as fat storage, appetite and metabolism may be influenced by your genes can offer clarity and support long-term health planning.
Lifestyle choices—such as healthy eating and regular physical activity—remain essential foundations for wellness. A primary care provider can help you understand your risks and explore strategies that may be appropriate for your health needs. These may include medications such as Zepbound or Ozempic that are often prescribed for weight management when clinically appropriate.
You can find care near you in our provider directory.
Get Support for Weight Management
For more information, please call the Baptist Health Bariatric & Weight Loss team at 1.833.362.0018. If you do not have a provider, visit our online provider directory to find a Baptist Health Bariatric and Weight Loss provider near you. To prepare for your next appointment, take a Health Risk Assessment and download a patient packet to complete before your visit.
