CT Scan vs X-Ray: Key Differences and When Each is Used

Physicians use many types of imaging technology to assess the condition of an organ or an area of the body. Computed tomography scans (often abbreviated as CT scans or CAT scans) and X-ray imaging are two common procedures that enable medical providers to diagnose illnesses, conditions and injuries.

When Is a CT Scan Used?

A CT scan is an advanced form of imaging that captures cross-sectional, 360-degree views of internal organs, blood vessels and soft tissues. In some cases, a patient receives a contrast dye orally or intravenously to highlight specific structures on the final scan.

Physicians frequently order a CT scan to:

• Detect internal bleeding, organ damage and other injuries following physical trauma.
• Diagnose cancer, locate tumors and monitor the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.
• Evaluate the severity and progression of heart disease, blood clots and strokes.
• Guide surgical procedures, biopsies and radiation therapy plans.

When Is an X-Ray Used?

Standard X-ray imaging sends electromagnetic beams through the body to create two-dimensional pictures. Dense materials like bone absorb the most radiation and appear white on the image, while softer tissues appear in darker shades of gray.

Physicians commonly use an X-ray to:

• Diagnose broken bones, joint dislocations and progressive arthritis.
• Identify infections such as pneumonia in the chest cavity.
• Detect calcifications, kidney stones and certain types of tumors.
• Monitor how well a set bone or repaired joint is healing over time.

Can You Get Both an X-Ray and a CT Scan?

A physician typically chooses the single imaging test best suited for your specific symptoms. However, both tests might be necessary during the same medical visit. For instance, an emergency room team might use an initial X-ray to check for a limb fracture and then immediately order a CT scan to evaluate potential internal organ trauma.

Both procedures are painless, fast and generally safe. Because CT scans assemble multiple cross-sections, they deliver a higher dose of ionizing radiation than a single standard X-ray. People who are pregnant or suspect they might be pregnant should always alert their care team beforehand so alternative imaging methods, such as an ultrasound or MRI, can be evaluated.

What To Expect During Your Procedure

During a standard X-ray, a technician positions your body and captures images in just a few seconds. A CT scan involves lying on a motorized table that moves into a doughnut-shaped machine for roughly 10 to 30 minutes.

Before your procedure, you may be asked to change into a hospital gown, remove jewelry or metal objects and briefly hold your breath during image capture to prevent blurring. If your CT scan requires contrast material to highlight specific blood vessels or organs, you might drink a liquid solution or receive a quick intravenous injection prior to the scan.

Learn More About CT Scans and X-Rays From Baptist Health

Baptist Health offers state-of-the-art diagnostic imaging services. If you’re scheduled for an imaging procedure, your primary care provider can explain why a CT scan or X-ray was selected and answer other questions you have.

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