Is Dysarthria Genetic?

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder characterized by impaired movement of the muscles used for speech production, such as the lips, tongue, vocal folds and diaphragm. While it's not always the case, there can be a genetic component to the condition.

Some forms of dysarthria are linked to genetic or chromosomal abnormalities that are congenital, meaning they’re present at or before birth. Additionally, developmental conditions with genetic links, such as spina bifida, can also lead to dysarthria.

It's essential to understand that having a family history of a speech or language disorder can increase the likelihood of developing one, much like a predisposition to a condition like heart disease can be inherited. That knowledge empowers you to seek assessment and treatment more rapidly if symptoms develop.

Other Causes of Dysarthria

Beyond genetics, dysarthria can be caused by a wide range of neurological issues, including:

Brain Injury

A traumatic brain injury or stroke can damage the parts of the brain that control speech.

Tumors

Brain tumors can press on nerves and affect muscle control and coordination.

Infections

Infections like Lyme disease can lead to neurological damage.

Degenerative Diseases

Conditions such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis can cause progressive muscle weakness and result in dysarthria.

Toxins

Exposure to heavy metals or excessive alcohol can also be a cause.

Symptoms of Dysarthria

The signs of dysarthria can vary depending on the underlying cause and the extent of the muscle impairment. Common symptoms include:

• Slurred or choppy speech
• Speaking too slowly or too quickly
• Soft or whispering speech
• Nasal or raspy voice
• Uneven speech volume or rhythm
• Monotone speech
• Difficulty moving the tongue or facial muscles

How Do Healthcare Providers Diagnose Dysarthria?

Diagnosing dysarthria typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a speech-language pathologist. This includes assessing the movements of the lips, tongue and face, as well as breath support for speech and vocal quality. Imaging studies, such as an MRI or CT scan, may also be used to identify any structural abnormalities in the brain.

Treatment for Dysarthria

Treatment for dysarthria focuses on improving communication abilities. A speech-language pathologist works with the individual to develop a personalized therapy plan. This may include exercises to strengthen the muscles used for speech, strategies to slow down the rate of speech and techniques for improving breath control.

In some cases, augmentative and alternative communication devices may be recommended to help individuals express themselves. The overall goal is to enhance the individual's ability to communicate effectively and participate fully in daily life.

Get Help With Dysarthria From Baptist Health

If you or a loved one experiences a sudden or unexplained change in their ability to speak clearly, it's crucial to seek medical attention. Dysarthria can be a symptom of a serious neurological condition, and a prompt and accurate diagnosis is the first step toward treatment.

Your primary care provider can assess your condition and refer you to a speech-language pathologist, if appropriate, for further evaluation and treatment.

Learn more about speech and language services at Baptist Health. Call +1 (502) 962-2400 or use our provider directory to find a Baptist Health Speech Pathologist.

Next Steps and Helpful Resources

Learn More About Speech Therapy
Stuttering vs. Cluttering: Differences and Support Tips
Is Stuttering Genetic?
Speech Problems After a Stroke