Is Stuttering Genetic?
Stuttering is a speech disorder that disrupts the flow of speech. People who stutter and their families may have questions about what causes it. Specifically, many wonder if stuttering is genetic. The short answer is, yes, stuttering is influenced by genetics.
This article provides more information about stuttering and its causes.
What Is Stuttering?
Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a communication disorder characterized by disruptions, or "disfluencies," in a person's speech. People who stutter know what they want to say, but have trouble producing words in a normal, fluid flow of speech.
In addition to speech interruptions, people who stutter frequently experience physical tension, anxiety and a loss of confidence in speaking.
Stuttering is most common in young children as they are developing their language skills. While many children outgrow stuttering by the age of 6 or so, for some, the condition can persist into adulthood.
What Are the Symptoms of Stuttering?
The signs of stuttering can vary from person to person. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Repeating sounds, words or phrases
- Prolonging sounds
- Pausing during speech
- Showing physical tension while talking
- Feeling anxious about speaking
Stuttering symptoms may worsen when a person is in a stressful situation.
Stuttering and Genetics
Research has shown a strong genetic component to stuttering. Scientists have found a connection between stuttering and a specific chromosome—the 12th chromosome. This finding helps to explain why stuttering often runs in families.
While the exact genetic mechanisms are still under investigation, it’s clear that genes are a significant factor in a person's predisposition to stuttering. However, it's important to remember that having a genetic predisposition doesn’t guarantee that a person will stutter.
Other Causes of Stuttering
Besides genetics, there are other factors that can contribute to stuttering, including:
Neurogenic Stuttering
This type of stuttering can occur after a stroke, head trauma or other brain injury. The brain has difficulty coordinating the different components of the speech mechanism.
Developmental Stuttering
This is the most common form of stuttering. As noted above, it occurs in young children as they learn to speak and their language abilities expand rapidly.
Psychogenic Stuttering
In rare cases, stuttering can begin after an emotional trauma.
What Are the Treatment Options for Stuttering?
While there’s no cure for stuttering, effective therapies can help. Speech therapy with a speech-language pathologist is the most common treatment. It can teach strategies to improve speech fluency, control the rate of speech and manage the anxiety related to speaking. Early intervention is particularly beneficial for children.
When To Seek Treatment for a Stutter
If you are concerned about your child's speech, it’s always best to consult with their pediatrician or a speech-language pathologist. Early intervention can be very effective in helping children who stutter.
Adults can also benefit from a professional assessment and treatment, which includes the management strategies and emotional support that a speech-language pathologist can provide. If you have questions or concerns about stuttering, consulting with a primary care provider is a good place to start.
Learn more about speech and language services at Baptist Health. Call +1 (502) 962-2400 or use our provider directory to find a Baptist Health Speech Pathologist.
Next Steps and Helpful Resources
Learn More About Speech Therapy
Stuttering vs. Cluttering: Differences and Support Tips
Different Types of Lisps and How to Treat Them
Speech Problems After a Stroke
