What Does a Pap Smear Test For?
A Pap smear is a screening procedure for cervical cancer that examines cells collected from the cervix. By catching any abnormalities early, providers can intervene before cancer develops.
This article explains how healthcare providers assess the health of the cervix, when you should undergo Pap smears, and what to expect during the procedure.
What a Pap Smear Can Find
The primary goal of a Pap smear is to identify precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix. The cells collected during the procedure are examined in a lab for any abnormalities.
In some cases, a Pap smear is combined with a test for the human papillomavirus (HPV). Certain strains of HPV are the leading cause of cervical cancer. Knowing your HPV status helps your provider assess your risk and determine the best screening schedule for you.
While not its main purpose, the test can sometimes detect infections or signs of inflammation.
Understanding Pap Smear Results
You will receive your results in a few weeks. They are typically categorized as normal (negative) or abnormal (positive).
A normal result means that no abnormal cells were found and you can continue with your regular screening schedule. An abnormal result does not mean you have cancer—it simply indicates that some of the cells on your cervix look different from typical cells.
There are different levels of abnormal results. Some changes are minor and may resolve on their own, while others may be more significant and require further evaluation. If your results are abnormal, your provider may recommend a colposcopy to examine the cervix more closely.
When Should I Get a Pap Smear?
Your primary care provider can advise you on when to get Pap smears. It is generally recommended to begin screening at age 21. For those between ages 21 and 29, screening is typically done every three years.
Once you reach age 30, your provider may recommend one of several options: continuing Pap smears every three years, combining a Pap smear with an HPV test every five years, or having an HPV test alone every five years.
For individuals over age 65, your provider may determine that screenings are no longer needed, especially if prior tests have been consistently negative or if you have had a total hysterectomy.
The Pap Smear Procedure
For those who have never had a Pap smear, understanding the process may help. During the test, you will lie on an exam table with your feet in stirrups. Your provider will gently insert a speculum into the vagina to view the cervix clearly.
Using a small brush and spatula, your provider will collect a sample of cells from the surface of the cervix. The process is quick, usually lasting only a few minutes. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for examination. Most people feel some pressure during the procedure but not pain.
A Pap smear is an essential tool for detecting cervical cell changes early. Following your provider’s recommended screening schedule can help protect your cervical health.
If you don’t have a Baptist Health Obstetrics and Gynecology provider, call 1.844.755.7460 or visit our provider directory to find one. Regular screenings play an important role in supporting your long-term gynecologic health.
